曾金凤
福建省三明真菌研究所!三明365000
【中文摘要】 大杯伞（Clitocybe maxima）是八十年代驯化成功的食用菌新品种.本文详细描述了其子实体发育的四个时期—一棒形期、钉头期、杯形期、成熟期的形态特征.以及菌褶子实层、单核菌丝、双核菌丝中的丝状菌丝、粉状菌丝和产孢菌丝团的显微构造;阐述了大杯伞生活史中的三个有性大循环和一个无性小循环,说明其有性世代可不必经过伞形子实体阶段,而由产孢菌丝团和粉状双核菌丝直接产生担子和担孢子来完成;对大杯伞生长发育各个阶段的温度、营养、水分、光照、空气和pH值等要求也作了较详细论述.
【英文摘要】 Clitocybe maxima, a new species of edible fungus, was successfully domesticated in 1980 ' s. The paper presented a detailed description of the morphological characteristics of its four fruiting stages: club, pin-head, cup and mature stage. The microstructure of the lamella hymenia, spore-bearing mycelia, the filaments and "powdery" hyphae of the uninucleate and dicaryophytic hyphae were also described in detail. It was demonstrated that three major sexual cycles and a minor nonsexual cycle were involved in the life cycle of Clitocybe maxima, showing that its sexual generation could be completed through the direct production of basidia and basidiospores by spore-bearing mycelia and powdery dikaryotic mycelia without passing the stage of pileate fructification. And the requirement of temperature, nutrition, moisture, light, aeration and pH during the development of Clitocybe maxima was also described.
【中文关键词】 大杯伞; 形态特征; 显微构造; 生活史; 生活条件
【英文关键词】 Clitocybe maxima; Morphological characteristics; Microstructure; Life cycle; Growing conditions
【文献出处】 食用菌学报,Acta Edulis Fungi,编辑部邮箱,1996年01期 【DOI】CNKI:SUN:SYJB.0.1996-01-002