蛹虫草子囊孢子萌发及其后代群体培养性状观察

蛹虫草子囊孢子萌发及其后代群体培养性状观察 梁月　 张国珍　 安沫平　 蔡祝南　 摘　要：从野生和人工栽培的蛹虫草子实体共分离了6个子囊孢子群体,对子囊孢子形态、萌发过程、培养性状及子实体产生等进行了观察.结果表明,蛹虫草子囊孢子为线形、多细胞,169.78～364.57×1.72～2.04 μm;每个子囊孢子有56～114个细胞,每个细胞大小为1.77～4.53×1.72～2.04 μm.子囊孢子弹射后13h开始萌发,30h后开始形成分生孢子.多数子囊孢子的每个细胞都能萌发,但少数子囊孢子的部分细胞不萌发.子囊孢子群体的培养性状表现多样性,以Ⅰ型所占比列较大.野生群体的菌落颜色以杏橙色和淡柠檬黄色为主,而人工栽培的群体以橙铬色所占比例最大.不同个体的菌落生长速率有差异.野生群体产生扇形突变的比例高于人工栽培群体.在人工栽培的CM群体中出现了气生菌丝较多、白色、生长缓慢的个体.菌落为Ⅰ型,橙铬色或杏橙色,生长速率正常,无突变的单子囊孢子菌株产生子实体的可能性较大,子实体产量较高,但大部分单子囊孢子菌株不能产生发育良好的子实体. 关键词：孢子形态;菌落颜色;菌落生长速度;扇形突变;子实体产生 分类号：Q939.96　文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-6472(2005)04-0525-0532 CORDYCEPS MILITARIS: ASCOSPORE GERMINATION AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROGENY POPULATION LIANG Yue　 ZHANG Guo-Zhen　 AN Mo-Ping　 CAI Zhu-Nan　 作者简介：张国珍,通讯作者 E-mail:zhanggzh@cau.edu.cn 作者单位：梁月（中国农业大学植物病理学系,北京,100094）　 　　　　　张国珍（中国农业大学植物病理学系,北京,100094）　 　　　　　安沫平（河北省农业环境保护监测站,石家庄,050011）　 　　　　　蔡祝南（中国农业大学植物病理学系,北京,100094）　 参考文献： [1]Chen YQ, Piao RZ, Jin YS, Yang HS, 2002. Study on the artificial good quality and high output cultivation technique of Cordyceps militaris. Edible Fungi of China, 21 (5): 20～22 (in Chinese) [2]Feng ZY, YangY, Li HJ, 1996. Comparison between the biological characters of Cordyceps militaris asexual generation. Acta Edulis Fungi, 3 (4): 15～20 (in Chinese) [3]Gao XH, Wu W, Qian GC, Cui XM, Chen W, 2000. Study on relationship between effect of paring single -ascospore strains of Cordyceps militaris of fruitbody formation and asexual conidiogenous structure. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, 16 (supplement):85～92 (in Chinese) [4]Li CB, Tong XD, Bai J, Fan SD, 2004. Artificial stromata production of Cordyceps militaris. Journal of Dalian Nationalities University,6 (5): 29～31 (in Chinese) [5]Li MN, Wu X J, Li CY, Feng BS, Li QW, 2003. Molecular analysis of degeneration of artificial planted Cordyceps militaris .Mycosystema, 22 (2): 277～282 (in Chinese) [6]Liang ZQ, 2001. A corroboration of the Anamorph of Cordyceps militaris-Paecilomyces militaris Liang sp. nov. Acta Edulis Fungi,8 (4): 28～32 (in Chinese) [7]Liu ZY, Liang ZQ, Liu AY, 2003. Investigation on microcycle conidiation of ascospores and conidiogenous structures of anomorph of Cordyceps sinensis. Guiz hou Agricultural Sciences, 31 (1): 3～5 (in Chinese) [8]Mao XB, Zhong JJ, 2004. Hyperproduction of cordycepin by two-stage dissolved oxygen control in submerged cultivation of medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris in bioreactors. Biotechnol Prog, 20 (5): 1408～1413 [9]Ridgway R, 1912. Color Standards and Color Nomenclature. Washington, D.C., Published by the author. 1～42+Plate 53 [10]Rukachaisirikul V, Pramjit S, Pakawatchai C, Isaka M, Supothina S, 2004. 10-membered macrolides from the insect pathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris BCC 2816. JNat Prod, 67 (11): 1953～1955 [11]Won SY, Park EH, 2005. Anti-inflammatory and related pharmacological activities of cultured mycelia and fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 96 (3): 555～561 [12]Wang G, Ma B J, Liu JK. 2004. Study on the chemical constituents of artificial cultivated Cordyceps militaris. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 35 (5): 493～495 (in Chinese) [13]Yao GH, Liu XP, Liu GH, Fang MC, Huang WF, 2003. Study on hyphae growth of different Cordyceps militaris strains. Journal of Microbiology, 23 (1): 61～62 (in Chinese) [14]陈艳秋,朴日子,金英善,严花淑,2002.蛹虫草人工优质高产栽培技术研究.中国食用菌,21(5):20～22 [15]冯志勇,杨炎,李惠君,1996.蛹虫草菌株无性世代的生物学特性比较.食用菌学报,3(4):15～20 [16]高新华,吴畏,钱国琛,崔星明,陈伟,2000.北冬虫夏草单孢菌株配对后对子实体形成的影响与无性型产孢结构关系.上海农业学报,16(增刊):85～92 [17]李春斌,佟晓冬,白静,范圣第,2004.蛹虫草子实体的人工培养研究.大连民族学院学报,6(5):29～31 [18]李美娜,吴谢军,李春燕,冯伯森,李庆伟,2003.人工栽培蛹虫草退化现象的分子分析.菌物系统,22(2):277～282 [19]梁宗琦,2001.蛹虫草无性型一蛹草拟青霉的确证.食用菌学报,8(4):28～32 [20]刘作易,梁宗琦,刘爱英,2003.冬虫夏草子囊孢子萌发及其无性型观察.贵州农业科学,31(1):3～5 [21]王刚,麻兵继,刘吉开,2004.人工蛹虫草化学成分研究.中药材,35(5):493～495 [22]姚国洪,刘喜屏,刘广红,房迈莼,黄文芳,2003.蛹虫草菌丝生长研究.微生物学杂志,23(1):61～62 菌物学报 2005年第4期-HTM文件 No.9